Travel in Central Kazakhstan -
The Central Kazakhstan region occupies a special place in the history of the ancient Kazakhs due to its natural and geographical location. Archaeological excavations have shown that this area was inhabited by ancient people. According to the historical chronology, at this time between the 5th and 3rd centuries. They were mainly engaged in gathering, hunting, and fishing.
Ancient period
In the 6th century, Central Kazakhstan became part of the Turkic Khaganate. In 603, the Turkic Khaganate split into two, and the Western Turkic Khaganate encompassed the territory of Semirechye and Central Kazakhstan. According to historical data, in the second half of the 7th century, the strongest tribal alliance in the Western Turkic Khaganate, the Kimaks, inhabited the territory from the Irtysh River to the Syr Darya. In the 9th century, the Kimak Khanate consisted of seven tribes: Kimaks, Lanikazes, Ajlades, Aimurs, Bayandurs, Tatars, and Kipchaks. In the 10th century, the Kipchaks came to the fore of these tribes and formed the Polynesian Khanate.
The economy of Central Kazakhstan is based on nomadic animal husbandry. In summer, the cattle grazed on the vast steppes of Saryarka, and in winter they returned to the mountain gorges and steppes. In the Middle Ages, a branch of the Great Silk Road passed through Saryarka, passing through Karkaraly, Ulytau, Zhezkazgan and heading west. Copper and iron ore were smelted in this region, from which tools and weapons were made. This is evidenced by the settlements of Kent, Suikbulak near Karkaralinsk, the Temirshi and Kentobe deposits, the Milikuduk settlement in Zhezkazgan, and ancient copper and iron deposits in the region.
General information
Central Kazakhstan is one of the most water-poor regions of the country, remote from the sea and without major rivers. But this is one of the regions rich in minerals. Saryarka is a land of minerals. There is coal, iron ore, copper, manganese, gold, silver, oil, etc.
Minerals and water resources
Central Kazakhstan can be considered a storehouse of minerals. This area is home to a wide variety of minerals and large reserves. Large coal reserves are located in the Karaganda coal deposit. There is also 100% coking coal. Copper deposits are located near Balkhash and Zhezkazgan, 100% of manganese is concentrated in the Atasu and Zhezdy deposits.
Rare metals are also found here. The main deposits of tungsten and molybdenum are located in the Upper Kayrakt, Koktenkol, Northern Katpara, Karaob and Southern Zhaur. Three oil and gas fields have been identified and explored at the Yuzhno-Turgayskoye oil and gas field. At the same time, reserves of non-metallic minerals have been identified, especially a large number of building materials. A feature of the mineral resources of the area is their proximity to each other.
Lake Balkhash is located in the south-east of Central Kazakhstan, while the rest of the territory contains small lakes (Karasor, Kipchak, etc.). Lack of water hinders the development of industry and agriculture. The Irtysh-Karagandinsk-Zhezkazgan reservoirs and a canal have been built to provide water.
Population
Central Kazakhstan has long been known as a sparsely populated territory. Before the Great Patriotic War and during the development of virgin lands, Slavic peoples began to settle in the western regions of the Soviet Union. As a result, the number of Slavic peoples has increased. Today, 1.3 million people of 115 nationalities live in Central Kazakhstan.
The industry of Central Kazakhstan and the energy sector.
Central Kazakhstan is one of the largest industrial regions of the country. In general, the share of the district in regional production is more than 9%. The explored reserves of the deposits make it possible to develop the fuel, electric power, and metallurgical industries. A large mining and metallurgical complex is located in the area. It includes mining, medium and non-ferrous metallurgy, and the coal industry. The fuel industry plays an important role in the district's economy. The most important coal base of our country is the Karaganda coal basin.
Thermal power plants play a key role in the field of electric power industry. Karagandinskaya GRES and Temirtau and Balkhash thermal power plants provide electricity to enterprises in the central region, as well as some enterprises in the Southern Economic Region.
Mechanical engineering plays the role of auxiliary industries. The Karaganda Machine-building Plant of Mining Equipment manufactures mining equipment for metallurgical enterprises. Therefore, heavy industry occupies a leading position in Central Kazakhstan. Enterprises complementing the heavy industry complex include the light and food industries.
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