Rivers and Lakes of Kazakhstan -
Water Resources of Kazakhstan - The average volume of Kazakhstan's surface water resources by water content is 100.5 km³; of this, only 56.5 km³ is generated within the republic; the rest is made up of rivers from Central Asia, the Russian Federation, and the People's Republic of China.
Rivers and Lakes of Kazakhstan
Many large and small rivers flow through Kazakhstan, as well as mountain and lowland lakes, both large and small. Most of the rivers belong to the Caspian and Aral Sea basins, as well as large lakes such as Balkhash, Alakol, and Tengiz. Rivers flowing through Kazakhstan include the Irtysh, Tobol, Ili, Ural, Emba, and others.
Semirechye – General Information
Semirechye is a region of seven rivers in Kazakhstan, located in the Almaty region. It includes the Ili, Karatal, Biyen, Aksu, Lepsy, Baskan, and Sarkand rivers. Kazakhstan is home to over 48,000 large and small lakes, most of which are small, less than one kilometer in size.
Caspian Sea in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is landlocked, but it does have access to the Caspian Sea. Many lakes are home to a wide variety of fish, including carp, perch, bream, and other species found in freshwater lakes. Kazakhstan also has abundant groundwater.
The most beautiful lakes in Kazakhstan are the mountain lakes Markakol and Zaysan, Kaindy, and the Kolsai lakes.
General Information
In terms of river runoff, Kazakhstan is one of the least water-rich countries on the planet. The required water consumption volume is 54.5 km³, with an average annual water consumption of no more than 46.0 km³. During years of water shortage, the volume of water resources will decrease to 58 km³, and the amount of water used will decrease to 26 km³. Fresh groundwater reserves are 15.1 km³, with a utilization rate of 11.3%, or 1.7 km³. The volume of return water is 4 km³, the volume of water re-injected into sources does not exceed 2 km³, and the remaining wastewater is dissipated or absorbed by the ground. Return water is the main source of natural water and environmental pollution.
Conservation and Protection of Water Resources in Kazakhstan
Recently, there has been a quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources. Humanity primarily relies on freshwater, which accounts for 1% of the total volume of the hydrosphere. To address this problem, it is necessary to consider desalination of the oceans, groundwater, and glaciers. Groundwater also holds promise.
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